Re: LMbench as gcc performance regression test?

rwhron_at_earthlink.net
Date: 08/31/03

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Date:	Sun, 31 Aug 2003 12:57:53 -0400
To: dank@kegel.com

> For starters, just compiling the kernel with different compilers;
> I'll keep running LMBench compiled with the old compiler.

Below are the lmbench results I got. One is from K6/2, and
one is from quad P3 Xeon. The kernels called -falign=2 had
-falign-functions=2 -falign-jumps=2 -falign-labels=2 -falign-loops=2

First is the K6/2. Second bunch of results is quad P3.
The numbers are the average of 25 runs. These do not have high/low
results removed from the averages.

The kernel versions without a suffix are the default kernel compile options.

I also ran a bunch of other benchmarks on these kernels.
It seems to me the application/target platform may be the
final arbiter of "what is best". I was hoping for a very
general result like gcc-3.3.1 -Os -falign=2 is always clearly better,
but I don't see that. (That generalization is partly true on
K6/2, but not on P3 Xeon - very different cache characteristics for
those chips).

BTW, gcc-3.3.1 -Os saved about 800k ram on 1GB athlon compared to gcc-2.95.3 -O2
for 2.6 kernel. Most of the savings were in nop instructions. There was also
a different mix of push/pop instructions. -Os created more push/pops on athlon.

One thing that is clear. gcc-3.3.1 takes longer to compile (roughly 2x).

Note: LMbench wasn't recompiled. The compiler options only changed on the kernel.

L M B E N C H 2 . 0 S U M M A R Y
------------------------------------

Processor, Processes - times in microseconds - smaller is better
----------------------------------------------------------------
null null open signal signal fork execve /bin/sh
kernel call I/O stat fstat close install handle process process process
----------------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
2.6.0-test3 0.73 1.20351 5.89 1.60 7.07 1.99 5.04 1426 3272 13618
2.6.0-test3-gcc-2.96-Os 0.73 1.25547 4.17 1.71 7.22 1.99 4.43 1456 3416 13945
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1 0.74 1.08099 4.15 1.56 6.73 2.02 4.28 1397 3146 13238
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os 0.73 1.33862 4.64 1.92 7.11 2.00 4.88 1398 3453 13874
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 0.71 1.24968 3.99 1.77 6.50 2.02 4.00 1413 3441 13814

File select - times in microseconds - smaller is better
-------------------------------------------------------
select select select select select select select select
kernel 10 fd 100 fd 250 fd 500 fd 10 tcp 100 tcp 250 tcp 500 tcp
----------------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
2.6.0-test3 4.11 15.51 35.15 66.14 5.98 33.6829 83.6085 156.960
2.6.0-test3-gcc-2.96-Os 4.04 15.71 35.02 67.80 6.03 33.5566 79.2899 160.586
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1 4.62 16.14 36.56 74.28 6.38 33.7929 79.8531 156.387
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os 4.29 21.57 42.62 81.01 6.71 46.7026 98.9269 193.885
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 3.64 15.20 33.43 65.21 6.23 39.4099 92.0308 178.482

Context switching with 0K - times in microseconds - smaller is better
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2proc/0k 4proc/0k 8proc/0k 16proc/0k 32proc/0k 64proc/0k 96proc/0k
kernel ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch
----------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
2.6.0-test3 1.87 7.71 8.97 10.71 12.91 14.45 15.24
2.6.0-test3-gcc-2.96-Os 2.27 6.07 7.39 8.91 10.88 12.25 12.73
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1 2.34 5.31 7.10 8.76 10.77 12.18 12.99
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os 1.60 5.00 6.57 8.45 10.51 11.67 12.18
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 1.25 3.60 5.45 7.15 9.29 10.65 11.19

Context switching with 4K - times in microseconds - smaller is better
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2proc/4k 4proc/4k 8proc/4k 16proc/4k 32proc/4k 64proc/4k 96proc/4k
kernel ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch
----------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
2.6.0-test3 5.72 23.35 24.98 26.33 28.22 29.56 29.97
2.6.0-test3-gcc-2.96-Os 7.00 21.94 22.98 24.53 26.12 26.94 27.41
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1 6.24 21.41 22.92 24.12 25.83 27.27 27.70
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os 8.21 22.88 23.45 24.57 26.01 26.95 27.54
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 8.41 24.30 25.56 26.98 28.93 29.94 30.51

Context switching with 8K - times in microseconds - smaller is better
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2proc/8k 4proc/8k 8proc/8k 16proc/8k 32proc/8k 64proc/8k 96proc/8k
kernel ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch
----------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
2.6.0-test3 18.85 40.92 41.65 42.04 44.08 45.42 46.26
2.6.0-test3-gcc-2.96-Os 18.32 39.79 39.45 40.34 41.50 42.87 43.61
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1 18.15 38.66 39.15 39.70 41.11 42.61 43.37
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os 18.38 38.33 39.38 39.67 41.27 42.48 43.40
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 18.67 41.22 41.94 42.71 44.51 45.99 46.75

Context switching with 16K - times in microseconds - smaller is better
----------------------------------------------------------------------
2proc/16k 4proc/16k 8proc/16k 16prc/16k 32prc/16k 64prc/16k 96prc/16k
kernel ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch
----------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
2.6.0-test3 32.70 74.53 74.04 73.43 74.59 76.24 77.31
2.6.0-test3-gcc-2.96-Os 31.40 72.91 71.58 71.54 72.60 74.36 75.62
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1 31.45 71.75 70.75 71.21 72.53 74.22 75.36
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os 29.74 70.87 70.07 69.92 71.42 73.41 74.78
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 32.24 75.09 74.88 74.67 75.23 76.83 78.08

Context switching with 32K - times in microseconds - smaller is better
----------------------------------------------------------------------
2proc/32k 4proc/32k 8proc/32k 16prc/32k 32prc/32k 64prc/32k 96prc/32k
kernel ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch
----------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
2.6.0-test3 129.83 134.99 136.17 135.81 138.72 142.94 146.38
2.6.0-test3-gcc-2.96-Os 128.66 132.55 132.72 134.04 136.61 140.45 143.50
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1 129.67 133.26 133.57 134.00 135.80 139.78 143.06
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os 130.01 133.43 132.44 133.15 135.29 139.57 143.19
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 129.63 135.77 136.05 135.82 138.48 142.42 145.80

Context switching with 64K - times in microseconds - smaller is better
----------------------------------------------------------------------
2proc/64k 4proc/64k 8proc/64k 16prc/64k 32prc/64k 64prc/64k 96prc/64k
kernel ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch
----------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
2.6.0-test3 234.17 241.21 244.17 247.96 255.85 265.69 270.87
2.6.0-test3-gcc-2.96-Os 239.48 242.65 242.96 246.98 254.17 263.57 268.69
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1 237.30 241.26 243.74 245.77 253.20 262.63 268.03
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os 236.21 240.27 241.66 246.98 253.88 264.21 269.66
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 241.20 244.36 246.88 250.26 257.55 267.07 272.12

File create/delete and VM system latencies in microseconds - smaller is better
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
0K 0K 1K 1K 4K 4K 10K 10K Mmap Prot Page
kernel Create Delete Create Delete Create Delete Create Delete Latency Fault Fault
------------------------------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------ ------
2.6.0-test3 157.4 44.3 282.2 77.9 293.5 78.0 480.7 98.8 4281 0.11 8.7
2.6.0-test3-gcc-2.96-Os 160.1 39.1 283.4 74.0 291.8 74.0 474.3 92.0 3973 0.84 8.4
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1 152.9 35.2 263.4 64.9 271.0 65.3 450.8 84.1 3884 0.90 9.0
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os 142.8 32.1 257.1 65.8 265.2 65.7 447.9 85.0 4600 0.37 9.8
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 145.0 37.0 261.6 75.7 269.9 75.9 452.9 94.8 3981 0.67 8.9

*Local* Communication latencies in microseconds - smaller is better
-------------------------------------------------------------------
kernel Pipe AF/Unix UDP RPC/UDP TCP RPC/TCP TCPconn
----------------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
2.6.0-test3 23.91 28.95 79.4908 180.193 89.9243 213.264 379.17
2.6.0-test3-gcc-2.96-Os 16.72 24.36 61.8104 172.207 99.5137 213.399 384.39
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1 18.16 24.52 60.0927 156.112 85.7277 216.343 335.97
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os 16.65 30.98 55.1646 159.562 97.5878 209.945 357.23
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 15.69 25.77 64.9899 170.012 82.2858 210.149 344.43

*Local* Communication bandwidths in MB/s - bigger is better
-----------------------------------------------------------
File Mmap Bcopy Bcopy Memory Memory
kernel Pipe AF/Unix TCP reread reread (libc) (hand) read write
----------------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
2.6.0-test3 52.7 37.0 28.9 52.2 232.6 60.0 60.0 232.4 86.0
2.6.0-test3-gcc-2.96-Os 52.9 36.0 33.1 50.7 231.7 60.0 60.0 232.2 86.1
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1 55.8 36.8 31.9 52.9 232.7 60.1 60.1 232.5 86.2
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os 56.5 37.2 25.2 51.8 232.6 60.0 60.0 232.4 86.2
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 54.3 35.9 29.3 50.7 232.6 60.0 60.0 232.3 86.1

*Local* More Communication bandwidths in MB/s - bigger is better
----------------------------------------------------------------
File Mmap Aligned Partial Partial Partial Partial
OS open open Bcopy Bcopy Mmap Mmap Mmap Bzero
close close (libc) (hand) read write rd/wrt copy HTTP
----------------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
2.6.0-test3 53.0 175.8 59.5 66.2 241.9 86.1 86.1 86.0 2.99
2.6.0-test3-gcc-2.96-Os 51.6 176.8 59.5 66.2 241.9 86.1 86.1 86.0 2.91
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1 52.3 178.0 59.5 66.2 242.1 86.2 86.2 86.2 3.21
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os 52.8 165.6 59.5 66.2 242.1 86.3 86.3 86.2 3.08
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 50.9 168.2 59.5 66.2 242.1 86.1 86.1 86.1 3.14

Memory latencies in nanoseconds - smaller is better
---------------------------------------------------
kernel Mhz L1 $ L2 $ Main mem
----------------------------- ----- ------- ------- ---------
2.6.0-test3 476 4.25 232.06 268.3
2.6.0-test3-gcc-2.96-Os 476 4.26 231.12 268.7
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1 476 4.25 231.13 268.2
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os 476 4.25 227.97 267.7
2.6.0-test3-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 476 4.25 231.75 267.7

Quad Xeon

L M B E N C H 2 . 0 S U M M A R Y
------------------------------------

Processor, Processes - times in microseconds - smaller is better
----------------------------------------------------------------
null null open signal signal fork execve /bin/sh
kernel call I/O stat fstat close install handle process process process
----------------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
2.6.0-test3-mm2 0.50 0.75332 4.35 1.36 5.94 1.56 5.13 257 1007 4506
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1 0.51 0.76516 4.39 1.37 5.96 1.54 5.11 254 996 4444
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 0.52 0.75901 4.28 1.37 5.83 1.56 5.44 264 1019 4492

File select - times in microseconds - smaller is better
-------------------------------------------------------
select select select select select select select select
kernel 10 fd 100 fd 250 fd 500 fd 10 tcp 100 tcp 250 tcp 500 tcp
----------------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
2.6.0-test3-mm2 3.98 22.31 53.07 106.21 5.02 33.4355 79.1707 159.488
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1 3.94 23.22 54.85 108.65 4.94 32.8961 79.7636 159.520
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 3.90 22.66 53.64 105.36 5.49 38.1446 91.8798 181.395

Context switching with 0K - times in microseconds - smaller is better
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2proc/0k 4proc/0k 8proc/0k 16proc/0k 32proc/0k 64proc/0k 96proc/0k
kernel ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch
----------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
2.6.0-test3-mm2 1.65 2.17 2.60 2.75 2.90 3.53 4.76
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1 1.61 2.12 2.48 2.66 2.79 3.33 4.52
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 2.00 2.62 3.39 3.44 3.53 3.92 5.00

Context switching with 4K - times in microseconds - smaller is better
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2proc/4k 4proc/4k 8proc/4k 16proc/4k 32proc/4k 64proc/4k 96proc/4k
kernel ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch
----------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
2.6.0-test3-mm2 2.66 3.76 4.31 4.39 4.58 6.78 10.27
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1 2.25 4.14 4.47 4.47 4.56 6.54 9.67
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 2.54 4.18 4.95 4.96 5.22 6.95 10.17

Context switching with 8K - times in microseconds - smaller is better
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2proc/8k 4proc/8k 8proc/8k 16proc/8k 32proc/8k 64proc/8k 96proc/8k
kernel ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch
----------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
2.6.0-test3-mm2 4.65 5.74 5.76 5.83 6.51 12.94 21.74
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1 4.53 6.03 5.96 5.90 6.36 12.49 21.53
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 4.50 5.95 6.16 6.27 6.86 12.92 21.89

Context switching with 16K - times in microseconds - smaller is better
----------------------------------------------------------------------
2proc/16k 4proc/16k 8proc/16k 16prc/16k 32prc/16k 64prc/16k 96prc/16k
kernel ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch
----------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
2.6.0-test3-mm2 9.14 9.07 8.90 8.99 14.06 39.74 49.45
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1 8.21 8.33 8.40 8.96 14.51 39.50 50.52
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 8.76 9.07 9.09 9.68 15.57 40.04 50.86

Context switching with 32K - times in microseconds - smaller is better
----------------------------------------------------------------------
2proc/32k 4proc/32k 8proc/32k 16prc/32k 32prc/32k 64prc/32k 96prc/32k
kernel ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch
----------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
2.6.0-test3-mm2 15.740 15.347 14.779 19.616 57.711 87.463 88.771
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1 14.584 14.636 14.619 20.376 57.226 87.183 88.533
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 14.961 14.820 14.847 20.192 58.146 87.172 88.723

Context switching with 64K - times in microseconds - smaller is better
----------------------------------------------------------------------
2proc/64k 4proc/64k 8proc/64k 16prc/64k 32prc/64k 64prc/64k 96prc/64k
kernel ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch ctx swtch
----------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
2.6.0-test3-mm2 26.08 25.19 32.19 105.04 158.28 163.83 162.59
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1 24.83 24.42 34.92 106.19 160.16 166.21 164.72
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 26.00 25.57 32.14 102.00 157.90 162.73 163.06

File create/delete and VM system latencies in microseconds - smaller is better
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
0K 0K 1K 1K 4K 4K 10K 10K Mmap Prot Page
kernel Create Delete Create Delete Create Delete Create Delete Latency Fault Fault
------------------------------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------ ------
2.6.0-test3-mm2 56.2 10.5 89.1 22.0 89.0 22.0 130.8 30.5 4603 0.65 4.0
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1 53.1 9.9 85.9 21.0 85.9 21.0 127.8 29.7 4603 0.70 4.0
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 57.7 10.3 90.4 21.3 90.4 21.3 132.3 30.1 4725 0.61 4.1

*Local* Communication latencies in microseconds - smaller is better
-------------------------------------------------------------------
kernel Pipe AF/Unix UDP RPC/UDP TCP RPC/TCP TCPconn
----------------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
2.6.0-test3-mm2 10.31 15.11 30.8128 65.4053 37.5467 76.3995 97.65
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1 10.23 15.34 29.5681 62.6713 35.9673 75.1441 97.27
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 11.77 17.47 33.1430 67.9045 38.9957 78.8412 97.49

*Local* Communication bandwidths in MB/s - bigger is better
-----------------------------------------------------------
File Mmap Bcopy Bcopy Memory Memory
kernel Pipe AF/Unix TCP reread reread (libc) (hand) read write
----------------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
2.6.0-test3-mm2 482.1 532.7 189.2 298.3 367.5 170.7 173.6 366.9 213.5
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1 480.6 546.2 167.3 296.8 362.3 170.5 173.1 362.6 212.4
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 472.9 538.1 163.9 297.5 365.2 170.9 173.6 364.9 213.0

*Local* More Communication bandwidths in MB/s - bigger is better
----------------------------------------------------------------
File Mmap Aligned Partial Partial Partial Partial
OS open open Bcopy Bcopy Mmap Mmap Mmap Bzero
close close (libc) (hand) read write rd/wrt copy HTTP
----------------------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
2.6.0-test3-mm2 298.3 283.4 168.9 183.9 781.2 212.6 213.7 350.2 10.24
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1 296.5 280.1 168.6 182.9 782.7 211.9 212.2 350.6 10.24
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 297.1 280.0 169.2 183.7 783.4 212.3 212.6 350.4 10.04

Memory latencies in nanoseconds - smaller is better
---------------------------------------------------
kernel Mhz L1 $ L2 $ Main mem
----------------------------- ----- ------- ------- ---------
2.6.0-test3-mm2 698 4.33 12.98 164.4
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1 698 4.33 13.00 166.4
2.6.0-test3-mm2-gcc-3.3.1-Os-falign=2 698 4.31 12.93 164.8

-- 
Randy Hron
http://home.earthlink.net/~rwhron/kernel/bigbox.html
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