RE: Kernel stack
From: Thekkedath, Gopakumar (Gopakumar.Thekkedath_at_fci.com)
Date: 10/12/04
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To: "'suthambhara nagaraj'" <suthambhara@gmail.com>, "Dhiman, Gaurav" <gaurav.dhiman@ca.com> Date: Tue, 12 Oct 2004 13:21:29 +0530
-----Original Message-----
From: suthambhara nagaraj [mailto:suthambhara@gmail.com]
Sent: Tuesday, October 12, 2004 12:22 PM
To: Dhiman, Gaurav
Cc: main kernel; kernel
Subject: Re: Kernel stack
>in another structure( struct thread_struct ).A kernel stack of size 8k
>(By default)
>is actully shared by processes running on a processor.
Each process has its own kernel mode stack, in fact it starts from
the process's task_struct start address + 8K (atleast in 2.4). (This also
helps in the implementation of 'current')
>A Process does not have an SS entry in its thread_struct but only an
>esp (and esp0) entry. This made me believe that the stack base is the
>same.Correct me
Again, in linux implementaton, for each process, SS is the same ,
but ESP differs and hence the stack
On Tue, 12 Oct 2004 11:55:24 +0530, Dhiman, Gaurav <gaurav.dhiman@ca.com>
wrote:
>
> > I have not understood how the common kernel stack in the
> > init_thread_union(2.6 ,init_task_union in case of 2.4) works for all
> > the processes which run on the same processor
>
> As far as I know, Kernel do not have any common stack for all the
> processes running over it. Whenever we enter the kernel mode thru system
> calls, we go thru system gate or descriptor (0x80 entry) in IDT. This
> entry contains the index of the descriptor in GDT (normally it points to
> Kernel CS Segment Descriptor in GDT) and the offset (pointer) to the
> code to be executed in kernel mode (which is system_call() function in
> Kernel).
>
> Now the descriptor entry in GDT pointed out by the system gate entry in
> IDT, contains 2 bit field known as DPL (Desired Privelege Level). If
> this DPL is less than the CPL (Current Prevelege Level) of CPU then CPU
> switches to the process specific kernel stack segement by refferring the
> TSS of current running process. This stack switch is automatic by CPUand
> there is no assembly intruction required for it.
>
> This stack switch is done at the time when we enter from user space to
> the kernel space, this is done because we can not trust and share the
> user process stack (stack used by user process in user mode). That is
> why every process has atleast two and can even have four stacks. In each
> process, stack for every CPU level (ring level) is defined. So whenever
> the process runs in user mode (ring 3), its user mode stack is used, but
> when it enters the kernel mode (ring 0) its stack is switched to the
> kernel stack of that process. All the stacks of a process for different
> levels of CPU are tracked thru TSS defined for that process.
>
> To read more on IDT, GDT, TSS and System Calls invocation, refer to the
> Intels System Programmer's Guide. Her is the Link:
> ftp://download.intel.com/design/PentiumII/manuals/24319202.pdf
>
> Correct me if I am wrong somewhere.
>
> Cheers !!
> Gaurav
>
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: kernelnewbies-bounce@nl.linux.org
> [mailto:kernelnewbies-bounce@nl.linux.org] On Behalf Of suthambhara
> nagaraj
> Sent: Tuesday, October 12, 2004 10:31 AM
> To: kernel
> Subject: Kernel stack
>
> Hi all,
>
> I have not understood how the common kernel stack in the
> init_thread_union(2.6 ,init_task_union in case of 2.4) works for all
> the processes which run on the same processor. The scheduling is round
> robin and yet the things on the stack (saved during SAVE_ALL) have to
> be maintained after a switch without them getting erased. I am
> familiar with only the i386 arch implementation.
>
> Please help
>
> regards,
> Suthambhara
>
> --
> Kernelnewbies: Help each other learn about the Linux kernel.
> Archive: http://mail.nl.linux.org/kernelnewbies/
> FAQ: http://kernelnewbies.org/faq/
>
>
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