Re: fixing grub : mbr fix when windows install after linux
From: z3r0c00l (z3r0c00l_at_utanet.at)
Date: 05/08/04
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- In reply to: les ander: "fixing grub : mbr fix when windows install after linux"
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Date: Sat, 08 May 2004 10:30:53 +0200
hey! good work man!
i always had the problem, that i didn't really know what to do with the
grub-command-line, but now i do! really great work! i think this will be
also very helpful for others.
les ander wrote:
> This is taken from: http://www.fedoraforum.org/forum/showthread.php?s=&threadid=975
>
> Problem
>
> "There is not a boot manager screen at all, it just boots right into
> windows but GRUB boot window does not appear. I cannot figure out to
> access fedora, I do not have a boot disk and need to know if there is
> someway to boot into fedora"
>
> "I forgot to install GRUB, I didn't install GRUB in the MBR, I chose
> to install GRUB on the first track on the partition where I installed
> Fedora but that was not an active primary partition".
>
> Solution
>
> You have to install GRUB on the MBR (Master Boot Record). To do this
> just follow this steps:
>
> (First of all, enter your BIOS setup and in BOOT Sequence window
> choose to boot with CDROM first.)
>
> 1) Boot with your Fedora Core Installation CD 1.
>
> 2) Type "linux rescue" at the prompt.
>
> 3) Answer the questions about keyboard and language.
>
> 4) Tell the rescue mode to use your proper partition to mount (the one
> that you want to get booted into)
>
> 5) When you come to the console prompt type: chroot /mnt/sysimage
>
> 6) Type grub
>
> 7) Set the GRUB's root device to the partition containing the boot
> directory like this:
>
> grub> root (hd0,0)
>
> Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83
>
> I have Windows 98 in hd0,0 ; Windows XP in hd0,1, Fedora Core /boot
> partition in hd0,2 and Mandrake /boot partition in hd0,6. So in my
> case the command should be: > root (hd0,2)
>
> If you are not sure which partition actually holds this directory, use
> the command 'find' like this:
>
> grub> find /boot/grub/stage1
>
> This will search for the file name '/boot/grub/stage1' and show the
> devices which contain the file.
> Once you've set the root device correctly, run the command 'setup'.
>
> 8) Then, run the command setup
>
> grub> setup (hd0)
>
> Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists....... no
> Checking if "/grub/stage1" exists....... yes
> Checking if "/grub/stage2" exists....... yes
> Checking if "/grub/e2fs_stage1_5" exists....... yes
> Running "embed /grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd0)"....... 15 sectors are
> embedded
> succeded
> Running "install /grub/stage1 (hd0) (hd0) 1+15 p (hd0,2)/grub/stage2
> /grub/grub.conf....... succeded
> Done
>
> This command will install GRUB boot loader on the Master Boot Record
> (MBR) of the first drive.
>
> 9) Type quit
>
> grub> quit
>
> GRUB is now in the MBR.
>
> 10) Finally, you'll have to edit your /boot/grub/grub.conf, for
> example whith nano:
>
>
>>nano /boot/grub/grub.conf
>
>
> (/etc/grub.conf or /boot/grub/grub.conf or /boot/grub/menu.lst, they
> are the same file) This file has the boot partitions of the disk/s.
>
> 11) Restart your PC without the Fedora Core CD 1 Installation.
>
>
> My grub.conf
>
> default=0
> timeout=30
> splashimage=(hd0,2)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
>
> title GNU/Linux Fedora Core 1 (2.4.22-1.2188.nptl)
> root (hd0,2)
> kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.22-1.2188.nptl ro root=LABEL=/ hdc=ide-scsi
> hdd=ide-scsi apm=off acpi=on vga=788
> initrd /initrd-2.4.22-1.2188.nptl.img
>
> #title GNU/Linux Fedora Core 1 (2.4.22-1.2174.nptl)
> #root (hd0,2)
> #kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.22-1.2174.nptl ro root=LABEL=/ hdc=ide-scsi
> apm=off acpi=on rhgb
> #initrd /initrd-2.4.22-1.2174.nptl.img
>
> title GNU/Linux Mandrake 9.2
> kernel (hd0,6)/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda8 devfs=mount hdc=ide-scsi
> resume=/dev/hda9
> initrd (hd0,6)/initrd.img
>
> title Microsoft Windows 98 SE & XP Pro
> rootnoverify (hd0,0)
> chainloader +1
>
>
>
> List of commands,
>
> default=0
> My default boot system is, of course, Fedora.
>
> timeout=30
> Fedora will boot in 30 seconds if you don't touch anything.
>
> splashimage=(hd0,2)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
> Generally the splash image is in your /boot partition. In my case,
> hd0,2 is where I have the image.
>
> title GNU/Linux Fedora Core 1 (2.4.22-1.2174.nptl)
> The name of your OS that will appear in your menu at starup, you can
> write anything you want.
>
> root (hd0,2)
> This is your /boot partition specifies which partition contains your
> Linux kernel image. So "root (hd0,2) tells GRUB that the kernel is on
> the 3rd primary partition of my first hard disk (I have two), in my
> case (hd0,2).
>
> kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.22-1.2174.nptl ro root=LABEL=/ hdc=ide-scsi
> apm=off acpi=on rhgb
> Tells GRUB where to find your kernel, my kernel version is
> 2.4.22-1.2174, you have to type your kernel version.
>
> rhgb
> Red Hat Graphical Boot
>
> apm=off acpi=on
> I had to add 'apm=off acpi=on' to my kernel parameters to get
> power-off to work properly.
>
> initrd /initrd-2.4.22-1.2174.nptl.img
> Tells where your init ramdisk image is located.
>
> title Microsoft Windows 98 SE & XP Pro
> As I said, I have Windows 98 in hd0,0 and Windows XP in (hd0,1).
>
> rootnoverify (hd0,0)
> rootnoverify tells GRUB to boot from the Windows partition, but not to
> attempt to mount it.
> (hd0,0) is where Windows XP puts the boot.ini to boot into Windows 98
> and XP.
>
> chainloader +1
> chain-load is the mechanism for loading unsupported operating systems
> by loading another boot loader. It is typically used for loading DOS
> or Windows.
> chainloader tells GRUB to chain to Windows' boot loader which will
> start Windows.
>
> Other options you can use:
>
> map
> If you have installed DOS (or Windows) on a non-first hard disk, you
> have to use the disk swapping technique, because that OS cannot boot
> from any disks but the first one.
>
> Map the drive from_drive to the drive to_drive. This is necessary when
> you chain-load some operating systems, such as DOS, if such an OS
> resides at a non-first drive. Here is an example:
>
> grub> map (hd0) (hd1)
> grub> map (hd1) (hd0)
>
> This performs a virtual swap between your first and second hard drive.
>
> Caution: This is effective only if DOS (or Windows) uses BIOS to
> access the swapped disks. If that OS uses a special driver for the
> disks, this probably won't work.
>
> makeactive
> Set the active partition on the root disk to GRUB's root device. This
> command is limited to primary PC partitions on a hard disk.
>
> code:title Windows 98 SE
> map (hd0) (hd1)
> map (hd1) (hd0)
> makeactive
> rootnoverify (hd1,0)
> chainloader +1
>
>
>
> hide
> Hide the partition partition by setting the hidden bit in its
> partition type code. This is useful only when booting DOS or Windows
> and multiple primary FAT partitions exist in one disk.
>
> unhide
> Unhide the partition partition by clearing the hidden bit in its
> partition type code. This is useful only when booting DOS or Windows
> and multiple primary partitions exist in one disk.
>
> Explanation and examples of the hide and unhide commands
>
> If you installed more than one set of DOS/Windows onto one disk, they
> could be confused if there are more than one primary partitions for
> DOS/Windows. There is a solution if you do want to do so. Use the
> partition hiding/unhiding technique.
>
> If GRUB hides a DOS (or Windows) partition, DOS (or Windows) will
> ignore the partition. If GRUB unhides a DOS (or Windows) partition,
> DOS (or Windows) will detect the partition. Thus, if you have
> installed DOS (or Windows) on the first and the second partition of
> the first hard disk, and you want to boot the copy on the first
> partition.
>
> Here's how to create two installations of Windows, hda1 and hda2 or
> (hd0,0) and (hd0,1), using the commands hide and unhide.
>
> For Windows 98 SE "My Entry":
>
> code:title My Entry
> unhide (hd0,0)
> hide (hd0,1)
> rootnoverify (hd0,0)
> makeactive
> chainloader +1
>
>
>
> For Windows 98 SE "Family Entry"
>
> code:title Family Entry
> unhide (hd0,1)
> hide (hd0,0)
> rootnoverify (hd0,1)
> makeactive
> chainloader +1
>
>
>
> I did not have to use the 'hide' or 'unhide' command 'cause Windows
> XP, 2000 or NT have a boot manager (boot.ini) included. So, I only had
> to point where this boot.ini is. In my case, Windows XP copies this
> boot.ini where Windows 98 is installed, (hd0,0)
> You should definitely use the 'hide' or 'unhide' command if you
> have,for example, two installations of Windows 98 or ME.
>
>
> If everything went just fine, voila, GRUB now becomes your main boot
> manager for your multi OS system.
>
>
> GRUB and Linux Partitions
>
> First of all, GRUB requires that the device name be enclosed with ( ).
> Please, note that the partition numbers are counted from zero, not
> from one.
>
>
> (hd0) in GRUB = is hda in Linux
> Here, 'hd' means it is a hard disk drive. The first integer '0'
> indicates the drive number, that is, the first hard disk.
>
>
> (hd1) in GRUB = is hdb in Linux
> The first integer '1' indicates the drive number, that is, the second
> hard disk.
>
>
> (hd0,1) in GRUB = is hda2 in Linux
> This expression means the second primary partition of the first hard
> disk drive. In this case, GRUB uses one partition of the disk, instead
> of the whole disk.
>
>
> (hd0,4) in GRUB = hda5 in Linux
> This specifies the first extended partition of the first hard disk
> drive. Note that the partition numbers for extended partitions are
> counted from '4', regardless of the actual number of primary
> partitions on your hard disk.
>
>
> (hd0,5) in GRUB = hda6 in Linux
> This is the first logical unit of the extended partition of the the
> first hard disk.
>
>
> (hd1,0) in GRUB = is hdb1 in Linux
> This is the first primary partition of the second hard disk.
>
>
> Related HOWTO
> How to edit your grub.conf
> http://www.fedoraforum.org/forum/sh...mp;threadid=996
>
> Good Luck !
>
> __________________
> Crockett... Vice... Miami
- Next message: z3r0c00l: "acpi, apm?!"
- Previous message: mjt: "Re: Linux friendly ISPs"
- In reply to: les ander: "fixing grub : mbr fix when windows install after linux"
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